Getting home, I found that while the ball joint clips were the same size, the new linkage was far too long. The linkage uses an interesting method of adjustment. One plastic clip is permanently attached to the shaft, and doesn’t move. The other clip has a screw-on cap, underneath which there are several washers. When the cap is tightened onto the clip, a special washer inside is deformed and expands outward, gripping the shaft tightly and stopping the linkage from changing length.

The U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is seeking information about technical standards and related tools for artificial intelligence (AI). The Request for Information (RFI) is in response to the Feb. 11, 2019, Executive Order on Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence, directing NIST to create a plan for federal engagement in the development of these standards and tools in support of reliable, robust, and trustworthy systems that use AI technologies.

Turning the pump off when there’s no need for additional pressure has several benefits. The pump doesn’t have to work as hard, it has a chance to cool off, and less heat is introduced to the fuel. This technology is how automakers are able to produce high-performance cars like the Cadillac CTS-V with quiet and reliable fuel systems.

Ensuring that clean fuel is being used is the simplest and most important step to maintaining the HPCR. This includes using a trusted source that provides clean and filtered fuel.

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The systems are highly susceptible to damage if proper care is not followed. This is because the higher the injection pressure, the tighter the tolerances must be between mating parts in fuel-handling components such as pumps, valves and injectors. Tighter tolerances make these precision surfaces extremely vulnerable to being damaged by almost anything that’s not fuel. So, while a certain amount of contamination or water will not cause harm to older-design mechanical injectors, the same fuel will wreak havoc on a common rail fuel system.

The term to keep in mind is “economy of scale.” That’s to say, you need to think about what is plentiful in the marketplace. If it’s easy to find (large supply) then the prices will typically be less. So, with that bit of Econ 101, the most affordable LS variants on the planet would be the 5.3L and 4.8L examples. Hundreds of thousands of these have been produced and are now easy to find parted out online and languishing in salvage yards.

Fuel supply is the lifeblood of any diesel engine, but not only does a lack of adequate supply lead to dismal performance, it can also be harmful to injection system components (namely injection pumps and injectors). A fuel pressure gauge can tip you off as to whether or not your lift pump is on its way out or is no longer able to keep up with low-pressure fuel demand. Because fuel system components on diesel engines are far from cheap, this is one of the first gauges we would install or add to our digital monitor’s list of viewable parameters.

Bore spray coating on the cylinders: this is a world-first technology in a 1.0-litre petrol engine. Developed from the Nissan GT-R supercar, bore spray coating has already been integrated into other Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi powertrains, including the 1.3-litre petrol engine recently launched in the Nissan Qashqai crossover. Reducing the friction in the cylinder, the coating improves heat management and combustion, cuts weight and improves fuel economy and CO2 emissions.

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"The industry has long recognized that increasing injection pressure to 500+ bar could substantially cut engine-out particulates while improving CO2 emissions and fuel economy," explains Walter Piock, chief engineer, Gasoline Systems, Delphi Technologies.